County soil summary
Soil types in Sandoval County, New Mexico
The most widespread soils are Sandoval, Penistaja and Zia; the most common drainage class is well drained (73% of the land), and typical topsoil pH is 7.9.
- Well or moderately well drained
- 87% of land · state 84%
- Typical topsoil pH
- 7.9 moderately alkaline · state 7.8
- Septic fields very limited
- 68% of land · state 65%
- Subject to flooding
- 12% of land, any frequency · state 7%
Most common soils in Sandoval County
Share of mapped land
A county is a patchwork of many soils. These 8 cover 30% of the mapped land; 166 named soil series are mapped here in all.
| Soil | Share of land | Drainage | Topsoil pH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rock outcropLand type, not a soil series | 8.0% | — | — |
| Sandoval | 4.3% | Well drained | 8.7 |
| Penistaja | 4.1% | Well drained | 7.5 |
| Zia | 4.0% | Somewhat excessively drained | 7.9 |
| Pinavetes | 2.7% | Excessively drained | 7.5 |
| Querencia | 2.3% | Well drained | 8.1 |
| Menefee | 2.3% | Well drained | 7.9 |
| Ildefonso | 2.3% | Well drained | 7.9 |
What this means
What the soils in Sandoval County mean for gardens, lawns and septic systems
For your garden
Typical topsoil in Sandoval County is moderately alkaline: pH 7.9 (most land between 7.0 and 8.2). Acid-loving plants such as blueberries and azaleas struggle without amended beds, and some trees and shrubs show iron chlorosis (yellow leaves with green veins).
Loamy topsoil (loam, silt loam and similar) covers 71% of the land: generally the easiest soil to garden, holding moisture without staying waterlogged. The most common surface texture is fine sandy loam (20% of the land).
87% of the land is moderately well to excessively drained, which suits most garden plants.
For your lawn and yard
Most land is in hydrologic groups B and C, where rain soaks in at a moderate pace.
For a septic system
For conventional septic absorption fields, NRCS rates 68% of the land in Sandoval County very limited, 17% somewhat limited and 10% not limited (6% not rated, such as urban land, pits or water).
That is close to the state as a whole (65% very limited).
Where the soil is very limited (slow permeability, a high water table, flooding, shallow bedrock or steep slopes), alternative systems such as mound or sand-filter designs are common and cost more.
Flooding is mapped on 12% of the land (4% occasional, 1% frequent).
Only a licensed site evaluation or perc test at the actual lot decides whether a system is allowed and which design.
Drainage
How long the soil stays wet
The most common drainage class is well drained (73%). 87% of the land is moderately well drained or better, compared with 84% across New Mexico.
Show as a table
| Category | Sandoval County | New Mexico |
|---|---|---|
| Excessively drained | 5.8% | 2.9% |
| Somewhat excessively drained | 6.8% | 3.4% |
| Well drained | 73.2% | 76.7% |
| Moderately well drained | 1.3% | 0.9% |
| Somewhat poorly drained | 1.5% | 0.4% |
| Poorly drained | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| Very poorly drained | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Not rated | 11.0% | 15.5% |
Septic absorption fields
NRCS rating for conventional drain fields
The rating looks at the soil from 24 to 60 inches deep: permeability, depth to a seasonal water table or bedrock, flooding and slope. “Very limited” means at least one feature is unfavorable enough that a conventional field is hard to make work.
Show as a table
| Category | Sandoval County | New Mexico |
|---|---|---|
| Not limited | 9.8% | 5.6% |
| Somewhat limited | 16.5% | 17.8% |
| Very limited | 67.6% | 65.3% |
| Not rated | 6.1% | 11.3% |
Rain, runoff and water table
Hydrologic soil group, flooding, seasonal water table
Hydrologic soil group
How fast rain soaks in when the soil is already wet. Group A soaks in fastest, D slowest.
Show as a table
| Category | Sandoval County | New Mexico |
|---|---|---|
| A: fast infiltration (mostly sandy or gravelly) | 20.7% | 10.8% |
| B: moderate infiltration | 22.4% | 22.9% |
| C: slow infiltration | 23.7% | 23.1% |
| D: very slow infiltration (clayey, shallow or wet) | 21.0% | 31.0% |
| A/D: D as is, A if drained | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| B/D: D as is, B if drained | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| C/D: D as is, C if drained | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Not rated | 12.2% | 11.9% |
Flooding
Show as a table
| Category | Sandoval County | New Mexico |
|---|---|---|
| No flooding | 87.8% | 83.6% |
| Rare or very rare | 6.9% | 3.8% |
| Occasional | 4.0% | 2.2% |
| Frequent or very frequent | 1.0% | 1.2% |
| Not reported | 0.3% | 9.1% |
Seasonal high water table
Show as a table
| Category | Sandoval County | New Mexico |
|---|---|---|
| Within 18 inches at some time of year | 0.3% | 0.6% |
| 18 inches to 3.3 feet | 1.1% | 0.3% |
| Deeper than 3.3 feet or none reported | 98.4% | 90.1% |
| Not reported | 0.3% | 9.0% |
Topsoil pH and texture
First mineral layer of each soil
Typical topsoil pH is 7.9 (moderately alkaline); 80% of rated land falls between 7.0 and 8.2. Median topsoil organic matter is 0.9%.
Show as a table
| Category | Sandoval County | New Mexico |
|---|---|---|
| Strongly acidic (below 5.5) | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| Moderately to slightly acidic (5.5–6.4) | 2.6% | 1.6% |
| Near neutral (6.5–7.3) | 21.0% | 23.7% |
| Alkaline (7.4 and up) | 64.0% | 58.0% |
| Not reported | 12.5% | 16.4% |
Texture
Show as a table
| Category | Sandoval County | New Mexico |
|---|---|---|
| Sandy | 14.5% | 14.8% |
| Loamy (loam, silt loam and similar) | 70.6% | 65.4% |
| Clayey (40%+ clay) | 2.5% | 1.1% |
| Organic (muck or peat) | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Not reported (rock, urban land, etc.) | 12.5% | 18.7% |
Sources & data dates
- Source
- USDA NRCS Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), queried through Soil Data Access. Public domain.
- Data date
- SSURGO as published on November 3, 2026 (most recent survey area update October 26, 2026). NRCS refreshes SSURGO each October.
- Scope
- Sandoval County, New Mexico (FIPS 35043): 1,988,465 acres of mapped land, 3,450 acres of open water excluded. State comparisons pool all mapped land in New Mexico.
- Method
- Shares are by mapped land area: each map unit’s acres in the county times each soil component’s percentage. Open water is excluded. Topsoil values use the first mineral horizon of each component. Full methodology.