County soil summary
Soil types in Cumberland County, North Carolina
The most widespread soils are Wagram, Johnston and Candor; the most common drainage class is well drained (34% of the land), and typical topsoil pH is 5.0.
- Well or moderately well drained
- 59% of land · state 68%
- Typical topsoil pH
- 5.0 very strongly acidic · state 5.2
- Septic fields very limited
- 70% of land · state 76%
- Subject to flooding
- 25% of land, any frequency · state 18%
Most common soils in Cumberland County
Share of mapped land
A county is a patchwork of many soils. These 8 cover 46% of the mapped land; 55 named soil series are mapped here in all.
| Soil | Share of land | Drainage | Topsoil pH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wagram | 7.8% | Well drained | 5.3 |
| Johnston | 7.5% | Very poorly drained | 5.0 |
| Candor | 7.3% | Somewhat excessively drained | 4.8 |
| Blaney | 7.1% | Well drained | 5.5 |
| Autryville | 4.4% | Well drained | 5.5 |
| Urban landLand type, not a soil series | 4.2% | — | — |
| Lakeland | 4.1% | Excessively drained | 5.3 |
| Wickham | 3.6% | Well drained | 5.3 |
What this means
What the soils in Cumberland County mean for gardens, lawns and septic systems
For your garden
Typical topsoil in Cumberland County is very strongly acidic: pH 5.0 (most land between 4.5 and 5.5). Most vegetables and lawn grasses do best around 6.0 to 7.0, so lime is often needed; blueberries, azaleas and rhododendrons like it as it is.
Sandy topsoil covers 59% of the land. It drains fast and warms early in spring, but dries out and loses nutrients quickly: mulch, compost and steady watering help. The most common surface texture is loamy sand (38% of the land).
For your lawn and yard
On 55% of the land, rain soaks in slowly (hydrologic groups C and D, including dual groups that are D until drained). Expect runoff and puddles after heavy rain: core-aerate compacted lawns and keep ground sloping away from foundations.
A seasonal high water table comes within 18 inches of the surface on 35% of the land, often in spring. Basements, sump pumps and lawns in low spots feel it first.
For a septic system
For conventional septic absorption fields, NRCS rates 70% of the land in Cumberland County very limited, 26% somewhat limited and 0% not limited (4% not rated, such as urban land, pits or water).
Statewide, 76% of the land is very limited, so Cumberland County is less restrictive than typical.
Where the soil is very limited (slow permeability, a high water table, flooding, shallow bedrock or steep slopes), alternative systems such as mound or sand-filter designs are common and cost more.
Flooding is mapped on 25% of the land (5% occasional, 8% frequent).
Only a licensed site evaluation or perc test at the actual lot decides whether a system is allowed and which design.
Drainage
How long the soil stays wet
The most common drainage class is well drained (34%). 59% of the land is moderately well drained or better, compared with 68% across North Carolina.
Show as a table
| Category | Cumberland County | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|
| Excessively drained | 4.4% | 1.0% |
| Somewhat excessively drained | 9.2% | 2.8% |
| Well drained | 33.7% | 54.2% |
| Moderately well drained | 11.2% | 10.4% |
| Somewhat poorly drained | 5.7% | 5.4% |
| Poorly drained | 13.8% | 12.4% |
| Very poorly drained | 17.7% | 11.6% |
| Not rated | 4.3% | 2.3% |
Septic absorption fields
NRCS rating for conventional drain fields
The rating looks at the soil from 24 to 60 inches deep: permeability, depth to a seasonal water table or bedrock, flooding and slope. “Very limited” means at least one feature is unfavorable enough that a conventional field is hard to make work.
Show as a table
| Category | Cumberland County | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|
| Not limited | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Somewhat limited | 25.9% | 21.4% |
| Very limited | 70.3% | 76.4% |
| Not rated | 3.8% | 2.2% |
Rain, runoff and water table
Hydrologic soil group, flooding, seasonal water table
Hydrologic soil group
How fast rain soaks in when the soil is already wet. Group A soaks in fastest, D slowest.
Show as a table
| Category | Cumberland County | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|
| A: fast infiltration (mostly sandy or gravelly) | 27.3% | 11.8% |
| B: moderate infiltration | 13.4% | 35.7% |
| C: slow infiltration | 18.0% | 14.5% |
| D: very slow infiltration (clayey, shallow or wet) | 0.6% | 7.4% |
| A/D: D as is, A if drained | 20.3% | 10.6% |
| B/D: D as is, B if drained | 5.9% | 11.1% |
| C/D: D as is, C if drained | 10.2% | 7.1% |
| Not rated | 4.3% | 1.8% |
Flooding
Show as a table
| Category | Cumberland County | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|
| No flooding | 74.7% | 81.9% |
| Rare or very rare | 12.2% | 7.5% |
| Occasional | 4.6% | 1.5% |
| Frequent or very frequent | 8.4% | 8.9% |
| Not reported | 0.0% | 0.2% |
Seasonal high water table
Show as a table
| Category | Cumberland County | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|
| Within 18 inches at some time of year | 35.3% | 29.5% |
| 18 inches to 3.3 feet | 13.2% | 11.3% |
| Deeper than 3.3 feet or none reported | 51.5% | 59.0% |
| Not reported | 0.0% | 0.2% |
Topsoil pH and texture
First mineral layer of each soil
Typical topsoil pH is 5.0 (very strongly acidic); 80% of rated land falls between 4.5 and 5.5. Median topsoil organic matter is 1.2%.
Show as a table
| Category | Cumberland County | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|
| Strongly acidic (below 5.5) | 73.0% | 61.7% |
| Moderately to slightly acidic (5.5–6.4) | 22.7% | 33.5% |
| Near neutral (6.5–7.3) | 0.0% | 2.3% |
| Alkaline (7.4 and up) | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| Not reported | 4.3% | 2.3% |
Texture
Show as a table
| Category | Cumberland County | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|
| Sandy | 59.4% | 24.0% |
| Loamy (loam, silt loam and similar) | 33.6% | 69.0% |
| Clayey (40%+ clay) | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Organic (muck or peat) | 2.9% | 5.1% |
| Not reported (rock, urban land, etc.) | 4.2% | 1.8% |
Sources & data dates
- Source
- USDA NRCS Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), queried through Soil Data Access. Public domain.
- Data date
- SSURGO as published on November 3, 2026 (most recent survey area update October 26, 2026). NRCS refreshes SSURGO each October.
- Scope
- Cumberland County, North Carolina (FIPS 37051): 369,451 acres of mapped land, 5,063 acres of open water excluded. State comparisons pool all mapped land in North Carolina.
- Method
- Shares are by mapped land area: each map unit’s acres in the county times each soil component’s percentage. Open water is excluded. Topsoil values use the first mineral horizon of each component. Full methodology.