County soil summary
Soil types in Frederick County, Maryland
The most widespread soils are Mt. Airy, Penn and Myersville; the most common drainage class is well drained (76% of the land), and typical topsoil pH is 5.6.
- Well or moderately well drained
- 87% of land · state 70%
- Typical topsoil pH
- 5.6 moderately acidic · state 5.4
- Septic fields very limited
- 75% of land · state 85%
- Subject to flooding
- 8% of land, any frequency · state 10%
Most common soils in Frederick County
Share of mapped land
A county is a patchwork of many soils. These 8 cover 38% of the mapped land; 81 named soil series are mapped here in all.
| Soil | Share of land | Drainage | Topsoil pH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mt. Airy | 6.4% | Somewhat excessively drained | 5.4 |
| Penn | 6.3% | Well drained | 6.4 |
| Myersville | 6.1% | Well drained | 5.3 |
| Highfield | 5.0% | Well drained | 5.0 |
| Glenelg | 4.2% | Well drained | 5.4 |
| Spoolsville | 4.0% | Well drained | 6.3 |
| Klinesville | 3.3% | Somewhat excessively drained | 5.3 |
| Catoctin | 3.1% | Well drained | 5.8 |
What this means
What the soils in Frederick County mean for gardens, lawns and septic systems
For your garden
Typical topsoil in Frederick County is moderately acidic: pH 5.6 (most land between 5.0 and 6.5). Many vegetables grow well here, and some gardens benefit from a little lime. Test before adding any.
Loamy topsoil (loam, silt loam and similar) covers 97% of the land: generally the easiest soil to garden, holding moisture without staying waterlogged. The most common surface texture is silt loam (32% of the land).
87% of the land is moderately well to excessively drained, which suits most garden plants.
For your lawn and yard
On 51% of the land, rain soaks in slowly (hydrologic groups C and D, including dual groups that are D until drained). Expect runoff and puddles after heavy rain: core-aerate compacted lawns and keep ground sloping away from foundations.
For a septic system
For conventional septic absorption fields, NRCS rates 75% of the land in Frederick County very limited, 24% somewhat limited and <1% not limited.
Statewide, 85% of the land is very limited, so Frederick County is less restrictive than typical.
Where the soil is very limited (slow permeability, a high water table, flooding, shallow bedrock or steep slopes), alternative systems such as mound or sand-filter designs are common and cost more.
Flooding is mapped on 8% of the land (4% occasional, 3% frequent).
Only a licensed site evaluation or perc test at the actual lot decides whether a system is allowed and which design.
Drainage
How long the soil stays wet
The most common drainage class is well drained (76%). 87% of the land is moderately well drained or better, compared with 70% across Maryland.
Show as a table
| Category | Frederick County | Maryland |
|---|---|---|
| Excessively drained | 0.0% | 1.3% |
| Somewhat excessively drained | 0.0% | 1.9% |
| Well drained | 75.8% | 48.1% |
| Moderately well drained | 11.5% | 18.2% |
| Somewhat poorly drained | 5.9% | 4.5% |
| Poorly drained | 3.9% | 12.9% |
| Very poorly drained | 0.1% | 6.3% |
| Not rated | 2.7% | 6.8% |
Septic absorption fields
NRCS rating for conventional drain fields
The rating looks at the soil from 24 to 60 inches deep: permeability, depth to a seasonal water table or bedrock, flooding and slope. “Very limited” means at least one feature is unfavorable enough that a conventional field is hard to make work.
Show as a table
| Category | Frederick County | Maryland |
|---|---|---|
| Not limited | 0.8% | 0.5% |
| Somewhat limited | 23.6% | 7.6% |
| Very limited | 75.2% | 85.4% |
| Not rated | 0.5% | 6.5% |
Rain, runoff and water table
Hydrologic soil group, flooding, seasonal water table
Hydrologic soil group
How fast rain soaks in when the soil is already wet. Group A soaks in fastest, D slowest.
Show as a table
| Category | Frederick County | Maryland |
|---|---|---|
| A: fast infiltration (mostly sandy or gravelly) | 3.4% | 10.9% |
| B: moderate infiltration | 44.8% | 26.7% |
| C: slow infiltration | 30.9% | 25.7% |
| D: very slow infiltration (clayey, shallow or wet) | 14.2% | 11.6% |
| A/D: D as is, A if drained | 0.0% | 4.5% |
| B/D: D as is, B if drained | 2.1% | 5.3% |
| C/D: D as is, C if drained | 4.0% | 12.8% |
| Not rated | 0.5% | 2.5% |
Flooding
Show as a table
| Category | Frederick County | Maryland |
|---|---|---|
| No flooding | 91.6% | 86.8% |
| Rare or very rare | 0.9% | 0.2% |
| Occasional | 4.0% | 2.6% |
| Frequent or very frequent | 3.0% | 7.5% |
| Not reported | 0.5% | 2.9% |
Seasonal high water table
Show as a table
| Category | Frederick County | Maryland |
|---|---|---|
| Within 18 inches at some time of year | 9.9% | 25.1% |
| 18 inches to 3.3 feet | 11.4% | 18.9% |
| Deeper than 3.3 feet or none reported | 78.3% | 53.1% |
| Not reported | 0.5% | 2.8% |
Topsoil pH and texture
First mineral layer of each soil
Typical topsoil pH is 5.6 (moderately acidic); 80% of rated land falls between 5.0 and 6.5. Median topsoil organic matter is 2%.
Show as a table
| Category | Frederick County | Maryland |
|---|---|---|
| Strongly acidic (below 5.5) | 46.3% | 50.9% |
| Moderately to slightly acidic (5.5–6.4) | 35.0% | 33.6% |
| Near neutral (6.5–7.3) | 16.0% | 7.0% |
| Alkaline (7.4 and up) | 0.0% | 1.1% |
| Not reported | 2.7% | 7.5% |
Texture
Show as a table
| Category | Frederick County | Maryland |
|---|---|---|
| Sandy | 0.3% | 9.5% |
| Loamy (loam, silt loam and similar) | 97.0% | 78.4% |
| Clayey (40%+ clay) | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Organic (muck or peat) | 0.0% | 5.8% |
| Not reported (rock, urban land, etc.) | 2.7% | 6.3% |
Sources & data dates
- Source
- USDA NRCS Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), queried through Soil Data Access. Public domain.
- Data date
- SSURGO as published on November 3, 2026 (most recent survey area update October 26, 2026). NRCS refreshes SSURGO each October.
- Scope
- Frederick County, Maryland (FIPS 24021): 422,857 acres of mapped land, 4,243 acres of open water excluded. State comparisons pool all mapped land in Maryland.
- Method
- Shares are by mapped land area: each map unit’s acres in the county times each soil component’s percentage. Open water is excluded. Topsoil values use the first mineral horizon of each component. Full methodology.