Soil series profile

Atsion soil series

Atsion is a poorly drained soil with a peat surface, mapped on 198,078 acres in 20 counties across 4 states. Hydrologic group A/D.

#1843 by mapped area sandy Aeric Alaquods (Spodosols)

Drainage class
Poorly drained
>99% of mapped acres
Hydrologic group
A/D
100% of mapped acres
Typical topsoil pH
3.6
extremely acidic · range 3.6–4.3
Mapped area
198k
acres in 20 counties, 4 states

Typical Atsion profile

Texture and pH by depth

Typical Atsion soil profile by depth 0 in 20 in 40 in 60 in 0–2 in · Oi · pH 3.6 · 1% clay Peat 2–4 in · A · pH 4.3 · 2% clay Sand 4–26 in · E · pH 4.3 · 1% clay Sand 26–34 in · Bhs · pH 4.5 · 4% clay Sand 34–80 in · Cg · pH 4.5 · 4% clay Sand
Depth to scale. More strongly shaded layers hold more clay. Horizon names are the soil survey's (A = topsoil, B = subsoil, C = parent material).
Show as a table
Typical Atsion horizons (representative values)
Depth Texture pH Clay Sand Organic matter
0–2 in (Oi) Peat 3.6 1% 0% 85%
2–4 in (A) Sand 4.3 2% 94% 3%
4–26 in (E) Sand 4.3 1% 93% 0%
26–34 in (Bhs) Sand 4.5 4% 90% 1.5%
34–80 in (Cg) Sand 4.5 4% 92% 0.25%

Representative values from the most extensive Atsion map unit (Atsion sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Northern Tidewater Area, survey area NJ005). Other map units of this series vary within the series range.

Hands holding dark garden soil
Stock photo for illustration, not a sample of this soil series. Credit on the Sources & method page.

What this means

What Atsion soil means for gardens, lawns and septic systems

For gardens

Typical topsoil in Atsion soils is extremely acidic: pH 3.6 (most land between 3.6 and 4.3). Most vegetables and lawn grasses do best around 6.0 to 7.0, so lime is often needed; blueberries, azaleas and rhododendrons like it as it is.

Organic muck or peat is the most common topsoil (79% of mapped Atsion acres). It is rich and holds water, but is often wet, can be acidic, and settles when drained. The most common surface texture is peat (79% of mapped Atsion acres).

100% of mapped Atsion acres is somewhat poorly to very poorly drained, so soil stays soggy for long spells after rain and in wet seasons. Raised beds, plants that tolerate wet feet, and not working the soil while wet all help.

For lawns and yards

On 100% of mapped acres, rain soaks in slowly (hydrologic groups C and D, including dual groups that are D until drained). Expect runoff and puddles after heavy rain: core-aerate compacted lawns and keep ground sloping away from foundations.

A seasonal high water table comes within 18 inches of the surface on 100% of mapped acres, often in spring. Basements, sump pumps and lawns in low spots feel it first.

For a septic system

For conventional septic absorption fields, NRCS rates 100% of the acres in mapped Atsion soils very limited, 0% somewhat limited and 0% not limited.

Where the soil is very limited (slow permeability, a high water table, flooding, shallow bedrock or steep slopes), alternative systems such as mound or sand-filter designs are common and cost more.

Flooding is mapped on 15% of the acres (2% occasional, <1% frequent).

Only a licensed site evaluation or perc test at the actual lot decides whether a system is allowed and which design.

Generated from the mapped numbers above using fixed rules, not a site visit. See how these notes are written.

Where Atsion soil is found

Mapped acres

Atsion is mapped in New Jersey, New York, Maryland and Delaware.

Counties with the most mapped Atsion soil
County Acres Share of county land
Burlington County, NJ 69,327 13.1%
Atlantic County, NJ 38,054 9.4%
Ocean County, NJ 36,087 7.4%
Monmouth County, NJ 19,471 6.5%
Camden County, NJ 8,957 6.1%
Cumberland County, NJ 7,429 2.4%
Gloucester County, NJ 5,759 2.8%
Middlesex County, NJ 5,570 2.8%
Cape May County, NJ 3,358 2.1%
Suffolk County, NY 1,613 0.3%
Nassau County, NY 859 0.5%
Salem County, NJ 828 0.4%
Sussex County, DE 273 0.1%
Worcester County, MD 272 0.1%
Wicomico County, MD 132 0.1%
Kent County, DE 44 0.0%
Mercer County, NJ 25 0.0%
Caroline County, MD 14 0.0%
Harford County, MD 5 0.0%
Somerset County, MD 2 0.0%

Septic absorption fields

NRCS rating, share of Atsion acres

Not limited 0%
Somewhat limited 0%
Very limited 100%
Septic tank absorption field rating across mapped Atsion acres. Scale 0 to 100% of mapped land.
Show as a table
Septic tank absorption field rating across mapped Atsion acres.
CategoryShare of acres
Not limited0.0%
Somewhat limited0.0%
Very limited100.0%

Drainage, water table and flooding

Share of Atsion acres

Depth to seasonal high water table
About 2 inches (median where reported); within 18 inches on 100% of acres.
Flooding
Mapped as flooding on 15% of acres (2% occasional, <1% frequent).
Slope
Typically 1–1% (median 1%).
Topsoil organic matter
Median 85%.

Drainage class

Excessively drained 0%
Somewhat excessively drained 0%
Well drained 0%
Moderately well drained 0%
Somewhat poorly drained <1%
Poorly drained >99%
Very poorly drained 0%
Drainage class across mapped Atsion acres. Scale 0 to 100% of mapped land.
Show as a table
Drainage class across mapped Atsion acres.
CategoryShare of acres
Excessively drained0.0%
Somewhat excessively drained0.0%
Well drained0.0%
Moderately well drained0.0%
Somewhat poorly drained0.3%
Poorly drained99.7%
Very poorly drained0.0%

Hydrologic soil group

A: fast infiltration (mostly sandy or gravelly) 0%
B: moderate infiltration 0%
C: slow infiltration 0%
D: very slow infiltration (clayey, shallow or wet) 0%
A/D: D as is, A if drained 100%
B/D: D as is, B if drained 0%
C/D: D as is, C if drained 0%
Hydrologic soil group across mapped Atsion acres. Scale 0 to 100% of mapped land.
Show as a table
Hydrologic soil group across mapped Atsion acres.
CategoryShare of acres
A: fast infiltration (mostly sandy or gravelly)0.0%
B: moderate infiltration0.0%
C: slow infiltration0.0%
D: very slow infiltration (clayey, shallow or wet)0.0%
A/D: D as is, A if drained100.0%
B/D: D as is, B if drained0.0%
C/D: D as is, C if drained0.0%

Sources & data dates

Source
USDA NRCS Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), queried through Soil Data Access. Public domain.
Data date
SSURGO as published on November 3, 2026 (most recent survey area update October 26, 2026). NRCS refreshes SSURGO each October.
Scope
All map unit components named Atsion (component kind "Series") in SSURGO: 198,078 acres.
Method
Shares are by mapped acres of Atsion components. The profile comes from the single largest Atsion component. Full methodology.

Independent reference site. No government affiliation or endorsement.

Full narrative description: USDA Official Soil Series Description for Atsion.