County soil summary
Soil types in Columbia County, Georgia
The most widespread soils are Wedowee, Cecil and Appling; the most common drainage class is well drained (84% of the land), and typical topsoil pH is 5.3.
- Well or moderately well drained
- 96% of land · state 69%
- Typical topsoil pH
- 5.3 strongly acidic · state 5.3
- Septic fields very limited
- 31% of land · state 68%
- Subject to flooding
- 8% of land, any frequency · state 19%
Most common soils in Columbia County
Share of mapped land
A county is a patchwork of many soils. These 8 cover 78% of the mapped land; 25 named soil series are mapped here in all.
| Soil | Share of land | Drainage | Topsoil pH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wedowee | 20.9% | Well drained | 5.1 |
| Cecil | 20.5% | Well drained | 5.5 |
| Appling | 10.3% | Well drained | 5.5 |
| Wagram | 7.3% | Well drained | 5.3 |
| Georgeville | 6.3% | Well drained | 5.5 |
| Helena | 5.0% | Moderately well drained | 5.3 |
| Madison | 4.9% | Well drained | 5.5 |
| Grover | 3.1% | Well drained | 5.5 |
What this means
What the soils in Columbia County mean for gardens, lawns and septic systems
For your garden
Typical topsoil in Columbia County is strongly acidic: pH 5.3 (most land between 4.8 and 5.5). Most vegetables and lawn grasses do best around 6.0 to 7.0, so lime is often needed; blueberries, azaleas and rhododendrons like it as it is.
Loamy topsoil (loam, silt loam and similar) covers 81% of the land: generally the easiest soil to garden, holding moisture without staying waterlogged. The most common surface texture is sandy loam (44% of the land).
96% of the land is moderately well to excessively drained, which suits most garden plants.
For your lawn and yard
Most land is in hydrologic groups B and C, where rain soaks in at a moderate pace.
For a septic system
For conventional septic absorption fields, NRCS rates 31% of the land in Columbia County very limited, 69% somewhat limited and 0% not limited.
Statewide, 68% of the land is very limited, so Columbia County is less restrictive than typical.
Flooding is mapped on 8% of the land (3% occasional, 5% frequent).
Only a licensed site evaluation or perc test at the actual lot decides whether a system is allowed and which design.
Drainage
How long the soil stays wet
The most common drainage class is well drained (84%). 96% of the land is moderately well drained or better, compared with 69% across Georgia.
Show as a table
| Category | Columbia County | Georgia |
|---|---|---|
| Excessively drained | 0.0% | 2.1% |
| Somewhat excessively drained | 3.0% | 3.0% |
| Well drained | 84.3% | 58.8% |
| Moderately well drained | 8.2% | 4.7% |
| Somewhat poorly drained | 1.6% | 7.4% |
| Poorly drained | 2.5% | 16.5% |
| Very poorly drained | 0.0% | 5.9% |
| Not rated | 0.3% | 1.5% |
Septic absorption fields
NRCS rating for conventional drain fields
The rating looks at the soil from 24 to 60 inches deep: permeability, depth to a seasonal water table or bedrock, flooding and slope. “Very limited” means at least one feature is unfavorable enough that a conventional field is hard to make work.
Show as a table
| Category | Columbia County | Georgia |
|---|---|---|
| Not limited | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| Somewhat limited | 68.5% | 30.3% |
| Very limited | 31.2% | 68.0% |
| Not rated | 0.3% | 1.5% |
Rain, runoff and water table
Hydrologic soil group, flooding, seasonal water table
Hydrologic soil group
How fast rain soaks in when the soil is already wet. Group A soaks in fastest, D slowest.
Show as a table
| Category | Columbia County | Georgia |
|---|---|---|
| A: fast infiltration (mostly sandy or gravelly) | 5.8% | 10.5% |
| B: moderate infiltration | 79.2% | 44.5% |
| C: slow infiltration | 5.5% | 10.9% |
| D: very slow infiltration (clayey, shallow or wet) | 5.2% | 6.8% |
| A/D: D as is, A if drained | 0.0% | 7.4% |
| B/D: D as is, B if drained | 3.8% | 12.4% |
| C/D: D as is, C if drained | 0.1% | 5.9% |
| Not rated | 0.3% | 1.5% |
Flooding
Show as a table
| Category | Columbia County | Georgia |
|---|---|---|
| No flooding | 91.6% | 80.5% |
| Rare or very rare | 0.0% | 1.2% |
| Occasional | 3.2% | 4.7% |
| Frequent or very frequent | 4.9% | 12.7% |
| Not reported | 0.3% | 0.9% |
Seasonal high water table
Show as a table
| Category | Columbia County | Georgia |
|---|---|---|
| Within 18 inches at some time of year | 4.1% | 25.4% |
| 18 inches to 3.3 feet | 6.4% | 8.6% |
| Deeper than 3.3 feet or none reported | 89.5% | 65.6% |
| Not reported | 0.0% | 0.4% |
Topsoil pH and texture
First mineral layer of each soil
Typical topsoil pH is 5.3 (strongly acidic); 80% of rated land falls between 4.8 and 5.5. Median topsoil organic matter is 1.2%.
Show as a table
| Category | Columbia County | Georgia |
|---|---|---|
| Strongly acidic (below 5.5) | 51.3% | 56.5% |
| Moderately to slightly acidic (5.5–6.4) | 48.4% | 40.7% |
| Near neutral (6.5–7.3) | 0.0% | 1.2% |
| Alkaline (7.4 and up) | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Not reported | 0.3% | 1.6% |
Texture
Show as a table
| Category | Columbia County | Georgia |
|---|---|---|
| Sandy | 18.8% | 42.8% |
| Loamy (loam, silt loam and similar) | 80.9% | 53.7% |
| Clayey (40%+ clay) | 0.0% | 1.0% |
| Organic (muck or peat) | 0.0% | 1.0% |
| Not reported (rock, urban land, etc.) | 0.3% | 1.5% |
Sources & data dates
- Source
- USDA NRCS Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), queried through Soil Data Access. Public domain.
- Data date
- SSURGO as published on November 3, 2026 (most recent survey area update October 26, 2026). NRCS refreshes SSURGO each October.
- Scope
- Columbia County, Georgia (FIPS 13073): 183,459 acres of mapped land, 13,330 acres of open water excluded. State comparisons pool all mapped land in Georgia.
- Method
- Shares are by mapped land area: each map unit’s acres in the county times each soil component’s percentage. Open water is excluded. Topsoil values use the first mineral horizon of each component. Full methodology.