Soil series profile

Sable soil series

Sable is a poorly drained soil with a silty clay loam surface, mapped on 952,655 acres in 77 counties across 3 states. Hydrologic group B/D.

#199 by mapped area fine-silty Typic Endoaquolls (Mollisols)

Drainage class
Poorly drained
>99% of mapped acres
Hydrologic group
B/D
>99% of mapped acres
Typical topsoil pH
6.0
moderately acidic · range 6.0–6.0
Mapped area
953k
acres in 77 counties, 3 states

Typical Sable profile

Texture and pH by depth

Typical Sable soil profile by depth 0 in 10 in 20 in 30 in 40 in 50 in 0–23 in · Ap · pH 6.0 · 32% clay Silty clay loam 23–38 in · Btg1 · pH 7.2 · 31% clay Silty clay loam 38–47 in · Btg2 · pH 7.6 · 27% clay Silt loam 47–60 in · Cg · pH 7.8 · 23% clay Silt loam
Depth to scale. More strongly shaded layers hold more clay. Horizon names are the soil survey's (A = topsoil, B = subsoil, C = parent material).
Show as a table
Typical Sable horizons (representative values)
Depth Texture pH Clay Sand Organic matter
0–23 in (Ap) Silty clay loam 6.0 32% 2% 4.5%
23–38 in (Btg1) Silty clay loam 7.2 31% 3% 0.68%
38–47 in (Btg2) Silt loam 7.6 27% 3% 0.3%
47–60 in (Cg) Silt loam 7.8 23% 1% 0.1%

Representative values from the most extensive Sable map unit (Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, survey area IL113). Other map units of this series vary within the series range.

Hands holding dark garden soil
Stock photo for illustration, not a sample of this soil series. Credit on the Sources & method page.

What this means

What Sable soil means for gardens, lawns and septic systems

For gardens

Typical topsoil in Sable soils is moderately acidic: pH 6.0. Many vegetables grow well here, and some gardens benefit from a little lime. Test before adding any.

Loamy topsoil (loam, silt loam and similar) covers >99% of mapped Sable acres: generally the easiest soil to garden, holding moisture without staying waterlogged. The most common surface texture is silty clay loam (>99% of mapped Sable acres).

100% of mapped Sable acres is somewhat poorly to very poorly drained, so soil stays soggy for long spells after rain and in wet seasons. Raised beds, plants that tolerate wet feet, and not working the soil while wet all help.

For lawns and yards

On >99% of mapped acres, rain soaks in slowly (hydrologic groups C and D, including dual groups that are D until drained). Expect runoff and puddles after heavy rain: core-aerate compacted lawns and keep ground sloping away from foundations.

A seasonal high water table comes within 18 inches of the surface on >99% of mapped acres, often in spring. Basements, sump pumps and lawns in low spots feel it first.

For a septic system

For conventional septic absorption fields, NRCS rates >99% of the acres in mapped Sable soils very limited, 0% somewhat limited and 0% not limited.

Where the soil is very limited (slow permeability, a high water table, flooding, shallow bedrock or steep slopes), alternative systems such as mound or sand-filter designs are common and cost more.

Only a licensed site evaluation or perc test at the actual lot decides whether a system is allowed and which design.

Generated from the mapped numbers above using fixed rules, not a site visit. See how these notes are written.

Where Sable soil is found

Mapped acres

Sable is mapped in Illinois, Wisconsin and Indiana. The 60 counties with the most Sable acres:

Counties with the most mapped Sable soil
County Acres Share of county land
McLean County, IL 97,928 13.0%
Logan County, IL 73,376 18.9%
De Witt County, IL 66,565 26.4%
Sangamon County, IL 63,761 11.6%
McDonough County, IL 49,272 13.1%
LaSalle County, IL 48,455 6.8%
Tazewell County, IL 44,605 11.1%
Warren County, IL 42,481 12.3%
Christian County, IL 39,361 8.7%
Macon County, IL 34,726 9.4%
Morgan County, IL 34,512 9.5%
Piatt County, IL 32,967 11.8%
Woodford County, IL 28,441 8.6%
Knox County, IL 22,605 5.0%
Bureau County, IL 21,162 3.9%
Dane County, WI 20,219 2.6%
Fulton County, IL 18,391 3.4%
Menard County, IL 18,222 9.4%
Peoria County, IL 17,715 4.6%
Marshall County, IL 16,504 6.7%
Vermillion County, IN 15,837 9.9%
Hancock County, IL 14,644 2.9%
Lee County, IL 12,997 2.9%
Henry County, IL 9,952 1.9%
Putnam County, IL 8,161 8.2%
Henderson County, IL 8,140 3.5%
Greene County, IL 7,968 2.3%
Boone County, IL 7,661 4.4%
Mercer County, IL 6,806 2.0%
Cass County, IL 5,405 2.3%
Clinton County, IN 5,341 2.1%
Ogle County, IL 5,281 1.1%
Vermilion County, IL 5,026 0.9%
Stephenson County, IL 4,950 1.4%
Stark County, IL 4,409 2.4%
Winnebago County, IL 4,252 1.4%
Jersey County, IL 3,244 1.4%
Lafayette County, WI 2,971 0.7%
Rock Island County, IL 2,675 1.0%
Carroll County, IL 2,668 1.0%
Scott County, IL 2,504 1.6%
Macoupin County, IL 2,300 0.4%
Schuyler County, IL 2,205 0.8%
Jo Daviess County, IL 1,991 0.5%
Adams County, IL 1,712 0.3%
Jefferson County, WI 1,630 0.5%
Mason County, IL 1,459 0.4%
Whiteside County, IL 1,395 0.3%
Warren County, IN 1,364 0.6%
Livingston County, IL 1,151 0.2%
Brown County, IL 1,112 0.6%
DeKalb County, IL 752 0.2%
Dodge County, WI 727 0.1%
Iroquois County, IL 604 0.1%
Pike County, IL 386 0.1%
Fond du Lac County, WI 299 0.1%
Walworth County, WI 235 0.1%
Rock County, WI 231 0.1%
McHenry County, IL 218 0.1%
Kendall County, IL 198 0.1%

Septic absorption fields

NRCS rating, share of Sable acres

Not limited 0%
Somewhat limited 0%
Very limited >99%
Not rated <1%
Septic tank absorption field rating across mapped Sable acres. Scale 0 to 100% of mapped land.
Show as a table
Septic tank absorption field rating across mapped Sable acres.
CategoryShare of acres
Not limited0.0%
Somewhat limited0.0%
Very limited99.5%
Not rated0.5%

Drainage, water table and flooding

Share of Sable acres

Depth to seasonal high water table
About 6 inches (median where reported); within 18 inches on >99% of acres.
Flooding
Not mapped as flooding on most acres.
Slope
Typically 0–0% (median 0%).
Topsoil organic matter
Median 4.5%.

Drainage class

Excessively drained 0%
Somewhat excessively drained 0%
Well drained 0%
Moderately well drained 0%
Somewhat poorly drained 0%
Poorly drained >99%
Very poorly drained <1%
Drainage class across mapped Sable acres. Scale 0 to 100% of mapped land.
Show as a table
Drainage class across mapped Sable acres.
CategoryShare of acres
Excessively drained0.0%
Somewhat excessively drained0.0%
Well drained0.0%
Moderately well drained0.0%
Somewhat poorly drained0.0%
Poorly drained99.7%
Very poorly drained0.3%

Hydrologic soil group

A: fast infiltration (mostly sandy or gravelly) 0%
B: moderate infiltration 0%
C: slow infiltration 0%
D: very slow infiltration (clayey, shallow or wet) 0%
A/D: D as is, A if drained 0%
B/D: D as is, B if drained >99%
C/D: D as is, C if drained <1%
Not rated <1%
Hydrologic soil group across mapped Sable acres. Scale 0 to 100% of mapped land.
Show as a table
Hydrologic soil group across mapped Sable acres.
CategoryShare of acres
A: fast infiltration (mostly sandy or gravelly)0.0%
B: moderate infiltration0.0%
C: slow infiltration0.0%
D: very slow infiltration (clayey, shallow or wet)0.0%
A/D: D as is, A if drained0.0%
B/D: D as is, B if drained99.2%
C/D: D as is, C if drained0.3%
Not rated0.5%

Sources & data dates

Source
USDA NRCS Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), queried through Soil Data Access. Public domain.
Data date
SSURGO as published on November 3, 2026 (most recent survey area update October 26, 2026). NRCS refreshes SSURGO each October.
Scope
All map unit components named Sable (component kind "Series") in SSURGO: 952,655 acres.
Method
Shares are by mapped acres of Sable components. The profile comes from the single largest Sable component. Full methodology.

Independent reference site. No government affiliation or endorsement.

Full narrative description: USDA Official Soil Series Description for Sable.