Soil series profile

Patton soil series

Patton is a poorly drained soil with a silty clay loam surface, mapped on 303,575 acres in 56 counties across 4 states. Hydrologic group B/D.

#1121 by mapped area fine-silty Typic Endoaquolls (Mollisols)

Drainage class
Poorly drained
96% of mapped acres
Hydrologic group
B/D
79% of mapped acres
Typical topsoil pH
6.7
neutral · range 6.6–7.0
Mapped area
304k
acres in 56 counties, 4 states

Typical Patton profile

Texture and pH by depth

Typical Patton soil profile by depth 0 in 20 in 40 in 60 in 0–11 in · Ap · pH 6.7 · 33% clay Silty clay loam 11–31 in · Bg1 · pH 7.0 · 34% clay Silty clay loam 31–38 in · Bg2 · pH 7.0 · 34% clay Silty clay loam 38–79 in · Cg · pH 7.9 · 20% clay Stratified silt loam to silty clay loam
Depth to scale. More strongly shaded layers hold more clay. Horizon names are the soil survey's (A = topsoil, B = subsoil, C = parent material).
Show as a table
Typical Patton horizons (representative values)
Depth Texture pH Clay Sand Organic matter
0–11 in (Ap) Silty clay loam 6.7 33% 8% 5%
11–31 in (Bg1) Silty clay loam 7.0 34% 6% 1.25%
31–38 in (Bg2) Silty clay loam 7.0 34% 6% 1.25%
38–79 in (Cg) Stratified silt loam to silty clay loam 7.9 20% 25% 0.75%

Representative values from the most extensive Patton map unit (Patton silty clay loam, Tipton Till Plain, 0 to 2 percent slopes, survey area IN159). Other map units of this series vary within the series range.

Hands holding dark garden soil
Stock photo for illustration, not a sample of this soil series. Credit on the Sources & method page.

What this means

What Patton soil means for gardens, lawns and septic systems

For gardens

Typical topsoil in Patton soils is neutral: pH 6.7 (most land between 6.6 and 7.0), the range most vegetables, flowers and lawn grasses prefer.

Loamy topsoil (loam, silt loam and similar) covers 99% of mapped Patton acres: generally the easiest soil to garden, holding moisture without staying waterlogged. The most common surface texture is silty clay loam (82% of mapped Patton acres).

>99% of mapped Patton acres is somewhat poorly to very poorly drained, so soil stays soggy for long spells after rain and in wet seasons. Raised beds, plants that tolerate wet feet, and not working the soil while wet all help.

For lawns and yards

On 99% of mapped acres, rain soaks in slowly (hydrologic groups C and D, including dual groups that are D until drained). Expect runoff and puddles after heavy rain: core-aerate compacted lawns and keep ground sloping away from foundations.

A seasonal high water table comes within 18 inches of the surface on >99% of mapped acres, often in spring. Basements, sump pumps and lawns in low spots feel it first.

For a septic system

For conventional septic absorption fields, NRCS rates 99% of the acres in mapped Patton soils very limited, 0% somewhat limited and 0% not limited (1% not rated, such as urban land, pits or water).

Where the soil is very limited (slow permeability, a high water table, flooding, shallow bedrock or steep slopes), alternative systems such as mound or sand-filter designs are common and cost more.

Flooding is mapped on 23% of the acres (7% occasional, 6% frequent).

Only a licensed site evaluation or perc test at the actual lot decides whether a system is allowed and which design.

Generated from the mapped numbers above using fixed rules, not a site visit. See how these notes are written.

Where Patton soil is found

Mapped acres

Patton is mapped in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio and Kentucky.

Counties with the most mapped Patton soil
County Acres Share of county land
Tipton County, IN 68,266 42.0%
Randolph County, IN 32,392 11.2%
Union County, KY 19,829 9.1%
White County, IL 15,131 5.0%
Gallatin County, IL 13,669 6.7%
Knox County, IN 13,318 4.1%
Wabash County, IL 12,726 8.9%
Hamilton County, IN 11,120 4.4%
Henderson County, KY 10,385 3.7%
Lawrence County, IL 8,829 3.7%
Fairfield County, OH 8,470 2.6%
Saline County, IL 7,167 2.9%
Huntington County, IN 6,603 2.7%
Posey County, IN 6,316 2.4%
Howard County, IN 5,546 3.0%
Darke County, OH 4,892 1.3%
Edwards County, IL 4,336 3.1%
Daviess County, KY 4,185 1.4%
Clinton County, IN 4,179 1.6%
Butler County, OH 3,511 1.2%
Cass County, IN 3,469 1.3%
Grant County, IN 3,282 1.2%
Carroll County, IN 3,224 1.4%
Fayette County, OH 3,043 1.2%
Warren County, OH 2,882 1.1%
Ross County, OH 2,700 0.6%
Hardin County, OH 2,506 0.8%
Sullivan County, IN 2,391 0.9%
Pickaway County, OH 1,911 0.6%
Champaign County, OH 1,890 0.7%
Rush County, IN 1,741 0.7%
Crawford County, IL 1,646 0.6%
Shelby County, OH 1,625 0.6%
Vanderburgh County, IN 1,582 1.1%
Madison County, IN 1,220 0.4%
Morgan County, IN 1,167 0.5%
Madison County, OH 1,101 0.4%
Gibson County, IN 1,058 0.3%
Miami County, IN 890 0.4%
Warrick County, IN 629 0.3%
Clark County, OH 593 0.2%
Hamilton County, OH 442 0.2%
Hancock County, OH 314 0.1%
Greene County, OH 265 0.1%
Perry County, OH 216 0.1%
Hancock County, KY 214 0.2%
Highland County, OH 172 0.0%
Allen County, OH 167 0.1%
Putnam County, OH 136 0.0%
Webster County, KY 74 0.0%
Jefferson County, KY 61 0.0%
Logan County, OH 33 0.0%
Clark County, IL 32 0.0%
Union County, OH 19 0.0%
Hocking County, OH 5 0.0%
Pike County, OH 4 0.0%

Septic absorption fields

NRCS rating, share of Patton acres

Not limited 0%
Somewhat limited 0%
Very limited 99%
Not rated 1%
Septic tank absorption field rating across mapped Patton acres. Scale 0 to 100% of mapped land.
Show as a table
Septic tank absorption field rating across mapped Patton acres.
CategoryShare of acres
Not limited0.0%
Somewhat limited0.0%
Very limited99.0%
Not rated1.0%

Drainage, water table and flooding

Share of Patton acres

Depth to seasonal high water table
About 6 inches (median where reported); within 18 inches on >99% of acres.
Flooding
Mapped as flooding on 23% of acres (7% occasional, 6% frequent).
Slope
Typically 0–1% (median 1%).
Topsoil organic matter
Median 5%.

Drainage class

Excessively drained 0%
Somewhat excessively drained 0%
Well drained 0%
Moderately well drained 0%
Somewhat poorly drained 1%
Poorly drained 96%
Very poorly drained 3%
Not rated <1%
Drainage class across mapped Patton acres. Scale 0 to 100% of mapped land.
Show as a table
Drainage class across mapped Patton acres.
CategoryShare of acres
Excessively drained0.0%
Somewhat excessively drained0.0%
Well drained0.0%
Moderately well drained0.0%
Somewhat poorly drained1.2%
Poorly drained95.7%
Very poorly drained2.6%
Not rated0.5%

Hydrologic soil group

A: fast infiltration (mostly sandy or gravelly) 0%
B: moderate infiltration 0%
C: slow infiltration 0%
D: very slow infiltration (clayey, shallow or wet) 0%
A/D: D as is, A if drained 0%
B/D: D as is, B if drained 79%
C/D: D as is, C if drained 20%
Not rated <1%
Hydrologic soil group across mapped Patton acres. Scale 0 to 100% of mapped land.
Show as a table
Hydrologic soil group across mapped Patton acres.
CategoryShare of acres
A: fast infiltration (mostly sandy or gravelly)0.0%
B: moderate infiltration0.0%
C: slow infiltration0.0%
D: very slow infiltration (clayey, shallow or wet)0.0%
A/D: D as is, A if drained0.0%
B/D: D as is, B if drained79.2%
C/D: D as is, C if drained19.8%
Not rated0.9%

Sources & data dates

Source
USDA NRCS Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), queried through Soil Data Access. Public domain.
Data date
SSURGO as published on November 3, 2026 (most recent survey area update October 26, 2026). NRCS refreshes SSURGO each October.
Scope
All map unit components named Patton (component kind "Series") in SSURGO: 303,575 acres.
Method
Shares are by mapped acres of Patton components. The profile comes from the single largest Patton component. Full methodology.

Independent reference site. No government affiliation or endorsement.

Full narrative description: USDA Official Soil Series Description for Patton.